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[Jesus said to his disciples] : "And you, who do you say that I am ? Simon Peter answered, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God "Matthew 16. 15, 16.
To the point with his disciples, Jesus takes them to Caesarea of Philippe, opposed quieter where he is less known. When asked Jesus : "And who do you say I am, ?" Peter is the first to respond. His spontaneous nature is undeniable ; it reacts quickly to the unexpected question of the Lord and made this statement : "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." It is not only the Messiah announced by the prophets, but the Son of God himself, the living God. The Lord approves the affirmation of Peter and specifies the source : "It is not flesh and blood that revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven" (Matthew 16. 17.).
Peter could be vain of such a response, but he has not found himself. However, to say that Jesus, who is physically similar to his disciples, the Son of God is to reveal the mystery of the incarnation : God is a body, he lives as a man. Jesus is the one through whom all things will be restored; he is the Christ, the Messiah, the Anointed foretold by the prophets ; but it is also the Son of God, God himself became man.
Jesus can then specify the ministry of Peter, because all spiritual activity, produced by the Spirit, is accomplished through men. The Lord entrusts "the keys of the kingdom of heaven" to Peter. It will be one that will open the door of the kingdom of heaven to the Jews and the Gentiles ; he will participate in the building of the church, built on the work of Jesus.
The Jews of the time waiting for a Messiah who would be essentially political character, sent by God to restore Israel. We understand the imperative of Jesus, "not to tell anyone he was the Christ" (Matt 16. 20.) Because his ministry was very different from the expectations of the Jews.
Before being a zealous servant of the Church, Peter has to learn a great lesson that will take time to assimilate Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God. But the Master is patient and full of delicacy with that it forms.
Source (Please the Lord)